Effect of Modified Xiongxiesan on Proliferation of Airway Smooth Muscle Tissues and Expressions of MMP-9 and TIMP1 in CVA Model Rats / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To explore the effect of modified Xiongxiesan on the proliferation of airway smooth muscle tissues and the expressions of matrix metalloproteinase-9（MMP-9）， tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 （TIMP-1） in cough variant asthma （CVA） model rats. Method:A total 48 male SD rats were randomly divided into the normal control group （8 rats） and model group （40 rats）. CVA model of rats were established through the intraperitoneal administration with 2 mg ovalbumin （OVA） and 100 mg Al（OH）3， and then aerosol inhalation of 1％ OVA 15 days later. The same volume of sterile saline was given to the normal group through the intraperitoneal injection. Then 40 rats in the modeling group were randomly divided into model group， modified Xiongxiesan group （TCM group， 6 g·kg-1·d-1）， montelukast group （0.4 mg·kg-1·d-1）， chemokine receptor1/2 （CXCR1/2） inhibitor group （G31P group injected subcutaneously via the neck with a dose of 0.5 mg·kg-1 every other day）， and CXCR1/2 inhibitor and modified Xiongxiesan group （G31P+TCM group）， with 8 rats in each group. The control group and the model group were orally given distilled water 10 mL·kg-1·d-1. Then the rats were sacrificed， and lung samples were collected. Histological changes were examined by hematoxylin-eosin（HE）. Basement membrane perimeter （PBM），wall area of bronchial tube （WAt），wall area of bronchial smooth muscle （WAm） and the number of smooth muscle cells （N） were measured using image pro-plus software and standardized based on PBM. The expressions of PCNA， MMP9 and TIMP1 were detected by immunohistochemistry. Result:Compared with the control group， there were a large number of inflammatory cells infiltration and moderate hyperplasia of smooth muscle area in the model group， which however were alleviated in other groups. The expressions of PCNA and MMP-9，TIMP1 were higher in the model group，which were reduced in other groups significantly. Conclusion:Modified Xiongxiesan can reduce the thickness of airway smooth muscle tissue in the CVA model rats， which may be correlated with the inhibition of the CXCR1/2 pathway， thereby reducing the proliferative activity of smooth muscle tissue and inhibiting the expression of related matrix metalloproteinases.

Construction and characterization of QKI knockout GC1-spg cell strain with CRISPR/CAS9 / 基础医学与临床

Objective To investigate whether QKI protein plays any important role in the process of spermatogene-sis.Constructing GC1-spg cell strain which knocked out QKI by the technology of CRISPR/Cas9,and detecting its effect on the proliferation and differentiation of QKI protein in vitro.Methods The plasmid PX330 was used to construct QKI knockout recombinant plasmid, then transfected it to GC1-spg wild-type cells and selected by puromycin.GC1-spg knock-QKI cell strain was identified by Western blot and gene sequencing; The wild-type and knockout cell strain was cultured normally,then detected the growth curve by cell counting kit(CCK8),and using quantitative PCR to get the changes of meiotic-related gene differentiation.Results QKI knockout GC1-spg cell strain was successfully constructed.Compared with the control group,the growth of QKI knockout cell strain was significantly decreased(P<0.05), and the expression of meiosis related molecular marker gene of c-kit, Mtl5 and Pspa2 was significantly decreased(P<0.05).Conclusions QKI proteins can affect reproductive sper-matogenesis by acting on proliferation and differentiation.

Impacts of different procedures of testicular sperm retrieval on testicular function and antisperm antibodies in azoospermia patients / 中华男科学杂志

Objective@#To investigate the influence of different procedures of testicular sperm retrieval on the levels of serum inhibin B (INHB), antisperm antibodies (AsAb), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and testosterone (T) in patients with azoospermia.@*METHODS@#We randomly assigned 210 azoospermia patients to receive testicular sperm extraction (TESE, n = 50), testicular sperm aspiration (TESA, n = 56), testicular fine needle aspiration (TEFNA, n = 64), or microscopic TESE (micro-TESE, n = 40). We measured the levels of serum INHB, FSH, and T and the positive rate of AsAb before and at 1 and 3 months after surgery.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the baseline, the levels of serum FSH at 1 and 3 months after surgery showed no statistically significant differences in the TESE (［8.51 ± 4.34］ vs ［8.76 ± 3.07］ and ［7.24 ± 3.32］ IU/L, P >0.05), TESA (［7.70 ± 2.72］ vs ［7.90 ± 4.57］ and ［8.04 ± 3.65］ IU/L, P >0.05), TEFNA (［6.04 ± 3.17］ vs ［6.08 ± 2.70］ and ［6.10 ± 3.32］ IU/L, P >0.05), or micro-TESE group (［6.59 ± 2.74］ vs ［6.89 ± 1.78］ and ［6.75 ± 2.57］ IU/L, P >0.05); the positive rate of AsAb (IgM) was significantly increased at 1 month in the TESE (0.00 vs 14.00%, P 0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Different procedures of testicular sperm retrieval have different impacts on the testicular function and AsAb in patients with azoospermia.

Orchidopexy increases the levels of serum anti-Müllerian hormone and inhibin B in cryptorchidism patients / 中华男科学杂志

Objective@#To investigate the levels of serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and inhibin B (INHB) in patients with unilateral cryptorchidism before and after orchidopexy.@*METHODS@#This study included 58 cases of unilateral cryptorchidism treated by orchidopexy and 32 healthy controls. Before and at 6 months after surgery, we measured the length and circumference of the penis, the volume of the undescended testis, and levels of serum AMH and INHB.@*RESULTS@#There were statistically significant differences between the unilateral cryptorchidism and healthy control groups in the levels of serum AMH (［102.80 ± 17.35 vs 108.76 ± 13.64］ ng/ml, P0.05; INHB: ［75.76 ± 5.94］ vs ［77.63 ± 5.99］ pg/ml, P>0.05). No remarkable differences were observed between the unilateral cryptorchidism and healthy control groups in the preoperative penile length (［2.05 ± 0.23］ vs ［2.11 ± 0.22］ cm, P>0.05), penile circumference (［3.91 ± 0.23］ vs ［3.99 ± 0.20］ cm, P>0.05) and volume of the undescended testis (［0.45 ± 0.02］ vs ［0.46 ± 0.02］ ml, P>0.05), or in the postoperative penile length (［2.09 ± 0.23］ vs ［2.16 ± 0.22］ cm, P>0.05), penile circumference (［4.00 ± 0.25］ vs ［3.98 ± 0.19］ cm, P>0.05) and volume of the undescended testis (［0.45 ± 0.02］ vs ［0.45 ± 0.02］ ml, P>0.05). Compared with the baseline, the cryptorchidism patients showed markedly increased levels of serum AMH (［102.80 ± 17.35］ vs ［109.76 ± 17.25］ ng/ml, P<0.05) and INHB (［70.24 ± 5.73］ vs ［75.76 ± 5.94］ pg/ml, P<0.05) after orchidopexy.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Orchidopexy can elevate the levels of serum AMH and INHB and protect the testicular function of cryptorchidism patients.

Clinical effect of electrical stimulation and exercise on the rehabilitation of the pelvic floor / 中国基层医药

Objective To investigate the effect of biofeedback electrical stimulation and pelvic floor muscle training on the rehabilitation of pelvic floor muscle after delivery by vaginal delivery.Methods From January 2014 to June 2015,90 cases who received pelvic floor rehabilitation treatment after vaginal delivery in Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics of our hospital were selected as the research subjects.According to whether the patients received pelvic floor rehabilitation training,they were divided into the treatment group and control group,90 cases in each group.The treatment group received biofeedback electrical stimulation,pelvic floor muscle training methods of rehabilitation at 6 weeks postpartum.The control group did not take any measures of rehabilitation.Results 4 months postpartum,the bladder neck mobility,urethral rotation angle of the treatment group were significantly lower than those of the control group (t =6.052,4.400,all P ＜0.05).the vaginal muscles voltage measured values of the treatment group was significantly higher than that of the control group (t =9.524,P ＜ 0.05).4 months postpartum,in the treatment group,vaginal muscle Ⅰ grade in 24.44％,grade Ⅱ in 55.56％ and grade Ⅲ in 17.78％,grade ⅣV in 2.22％;in the control group,the vaginal muscle strength grade Ⅰ in 44.44％,grade Ⅱ in 55.56％;The vaginal muscle distribution in the treatment group was significantly better than the control group (Z =-2.865,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion After vaginal delivery,maternal postpartum receiving biofeedback electrical stimulation,pelvic floor muscle exercise can significantly promote the recovery of pelvic floor muscle function.

Impact of unilateral cryptorchidism on the levels of serum anti-müllerian hormone and inhibin B / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>Objective</b>To investigate the influence of unilateral cryptorchidism on the levels of serum anti-müllerian hormone (AMH) and inhibin B in children.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We enrolled 65 patients with unilateral cryptorchidism and 45 healthy children in this study. We measured the length and circumference of the penis, the testis volume in the cryptorchidism side, and the levels of serum AMH and inhibin B at the age of 6 and 12 months, respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the healthy controls, the patients with unilateral cryptorchidism showed significant decreases at 12 months in serum AMH (［108.06±12.40］ vs ［103.26±17.57］ ng/ml, P<0.05) and inhibin B (［77.43±5.66］ vs ［70.21±5.69］ pg/ml, P<0.05). No statistically significant differences were found in the length and circumference of the penis and the testis volume in the cryptorchidism side at 6 and 12 months (P>0.05), or in the levels of serum AMH and inhibin B at 6 months (P>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Unilateral cryptorchidism affects the gonadal function of the patient, and orchiopexy should be timely performed in order to reduce its impact.</p>

A mathematic model for the fertilization technique of Perilla frutescens (L) Britt in Chongqing / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To explore a normalized fertilization technique for the Perilla frutescens (L) Britt in Chongqing. METHODS: The quantities of N, P and K were studied to get the best ratio of fertilization by quadratic regression orthogonal rotational combing design with three factors. RESULTS: The ranking of the effects of N, P, and K on the yield of Perilla was K > P > N. High quantity of K could improve the effect of N on the yield of Perilla, while in the condition of low quantity of K, high quantity of N tended to restrain the yield of Perilla. The best fertilization ratio was CO(NH2)2 13.74-18.58 kg · (667 m2)-1, P2O5 6.40-7.96 kg · (667 m2)-1, and K2O 2.81-3.80 kg · (667 m2)-1. CONCLUSION: Rational ratio of fertilizers would increase the production of Perilla. This study provides the theoretical basis for standard cultivation of Perilla.

Impact of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome on sperm DNA fragmentation and nucleoprotein transition / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the impact of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) on sperm DNA fragmentation and nucleoprotein transition.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Based on the recommended methods in the WHO Laboratory Manual for the Examination and Processing of Human Semen (5th ed), we conducted routine semen analysis for 65 CP/CPPS patients and 30 healthy men. We also analyzed the results of papanicolaou staining, sperm DNA fragmentation and sperm nucleoprotein transition.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the healthy control males, the CP/CPPS patients showed significant decreases in sperm concentration ([134.05 +/- 99.80] vs [94.75 +/- 92.07]) x 10(6)/ml, P <0.05), the percentage of morphologically normal sperm ([7.26 +/- 2.28] vs [5.61 +/- 3.40]%, P <0.05) and sperm progressive motility ([59.18 +/- 16.06] vs [47.68 +/- 17.62]%, P<0.05), but dramatic increases in sperm DNA fragmentation ([22.92 +/- 11.51] vs [43.58 +/- 17.07%, P<0.01) and sperm nucleoprotein transition ([23.26 +/- 5.97] vs [32.14 +/- 8.79]%, P<0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>CP/CPPS significantly reduces sperm quality and male fertility.</p>

Effects of obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome in children on multiple systems / 中华儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) may cause serious morbidities, such as systemic hypertension, diabetes, and cor pulmonale. However, currently no many reports on study of OSAHS in children are available. This study aimed to explore the effects of OSAHS on children's multiple systems.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>A total of 89 cases of children who came to the Sleep Treatment Center in the authors' hospital from March 2009 to December 2010 with snoring were tested with overnight polysomnography (PSG). They were classified into mild OSAHS group (n = 59, mean age of 5.71, SD = 2.46) and moderate to severe group (n = 30, mean age of 5.30, SD = 2.73) based on the PSG results, and 100 healthy children were selected as the control group (n = 100, mean age of 6 years, SD = 2.98). Data including height, weight, body mass index and blood pressure, peripheral blood routine, blood lipids, glucose and insulin, electrocardiogram and echocardiography were collected. Patients' adenoid face and abnormal occlusion were also recorded. Comparisons of the data were made among those groups.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Mild OSAHS and moderate to severe group had significantly higher prevalence of adenoid face (23.7%, 26.7%), and abnormal occlusion (74.6%, 60.0%) than that in control group (0, 40%) (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in terms of BMI between the OSAHS group and the control group, but the weight (kg) and height (cm) in the mild OSAHS group (23.3 ± 10.1, 114.9 ± 16.2) and moderate to severe group (21.9 ± 8.4, 110.8 ± 13.3) were lower than those of the control group (31.8 ± 10.1, 136.1 ± 15.1) (all P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, the level of HDL-C (mmol/L)and insulin (mU/L) in moderate and severe group decreased [(1.20 ± 0.30) vs. (1.40 ± 0.27), 2.79 (0.84 - 16.16) vs. 4.92 (0.76 - 16.80), P < 0.05], while the LDL-C (mmol/L) increased [(2.61 ± 0.75) vs. (2.32 ± 0.62), P < 0.05]. The red blood cell counts (× 10(12)/L) and the blood platelet counts (× 10(9)/L) in the mild OSAHS (4.93 ± 0.37, 292.92 ± 75.64) and moderate and severe OSAHS group (5.23 ± 0.22, 292.50 ± 63.05) were significantly higher in contrast to the control group (4.70 ± 0.31, 255.60 ± 69.12) (all P < 0.05), systolic blood pressure (mmHg) in mild group (98.54 ± 10.44) and moderate to severe group (99.13 ± 19.13) was significantly higher compared to control group (87.88 ± 11.37), and the heart rate (beats/min) in moderate to severe group (94.43 ± 10.64) was higher than those in control group (87.12 ± 16.20) (all P < 0.05). The mild OSAHS and moderate and severe OSAHS group had decreased right ventricular internal diameter [(14.24 ± 1.64) mm, (13.17 ± 2.07) mm ], increased main pulmonary artery diameter [(17.05 ± 3.33) mm, (16.33 ± 3.14) mm] and the thickness of right ventricular wall [(3.43 ± 0.26) mm, (3.57 ± 0.20) mm] compared to control group [ (16.10 ± 2.96) mm, (14.11 ± 2.52) mm, (3.32 ± 0.25) mm] (all P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>OSAHS in children may be associated with craniofacial malformations, and may contribute to slow growth and development, elevated blood viscosity and blood pressure, metabolic abnormalities, and change cardiac structure.</p>

Association of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the promoter region of the TLR9 gene with childhood atopic asthma / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the distribution characteristics of the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the promoter region of the toll-like receptor 9 gene (TLR9) in Chinese Han children from Zhejiang province, and their associations with asthma susceptibility and phenotypes.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A case-control study was conducted. A total of 312 asthmatic children aged between 1.9 and 11.6 and 339 age matched healthy controls were enrolled in this study from April 2007 to November 2008. The -1486 C/T in rs187084 and -1237 C/T in rs5743836 loci of the TLR9 gene were genotyped by direct DNA sequencing of the PCR products. Serum levels of IFN gamma, IL-12 and IL-4 were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.Serum levels of total IgE were detected by chemiluminescence, and serum levels of antigen specific IgE antibodies were detected by fluoroenzymeimmunoassay.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) The -1486 C/T polymorphism was identified in both groups. The genotype frequencies of TT, TC and CC at -1486 C/T were 41.0%, 44.3%, 14.7% in the healthy controls, and 38.8%, 48.4%, 12.8% in the asthmatic children. The -1237 C/T polymorphism was not detected in the population. (2) There were no statistically significant differences in the allele and genotype frequencies at the -1486 C/T locus between the two groups (P;>0.05). (3) Serum levels of IFN gamma and IL-4 differed significantly among the three genotypes at the -1486 C/T locus in asthmatic children (P<0.01). The CC genotype had the lowest levels of serum IFN gamma and the highest levels of serum IL-4 among the three genotypes. There were no significant differences in these cytokines among the healthy controls (P>0.05). No statistical differences of serum IL-12 were found among the three genotypes in the two groups (P>0.05). (4) There were no significant differences of total IgE (log-transformed) among the three genotypes in the asthmatic children (P>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The -1237 C/T polymorphism of TLR9 gene was not detected in Chinese Han children in this study. The -1486 C/T polymorphism was associated with the levels of serum IFN gamma and IL-4 in children with asthma. However, there were no correlations between the -1486C/T polymorphism and serum IL-12 levels, total IgE levels or asthmatic susceptibility.</p>